Space Design: 4 Architectural Solutions Beyond Earth

Contents:

• Emphasis on the use of local materials
• Building autonomy and 3D printing
• Modularity and flexibility of space
• Biophilic interior design

Emphasis on the use of local materials

The principle of each project is to construct structures exclusively from local materials. This significantly reduces the time and cost of construction. According to SpaceX estimates, delivering one kilogram of cargo to Mars costs approximately $2 million. In the future, it is planned that the launch of the Starship rocket will reduce this cost to several hundred dollars. In addition, terrestrial materials are not adapted to Martian conditions due to significant temperature fluctuations and radiation levels. Using local resources not only saves money but also ensures the sustainability of buildings on a new planet.

SEArch and Clouds AO, as part of the ICE House project, have developed habitation modules for Mars made of ice found beneath the planet's surface and in its mid-latitudes. These modules effectively filter sunlight and block up to 80% of radiation, providing safe conditions for human life on the Red Planet. An innovative approach to using Mars's natural resources opens new horizons for colonizing and exploring the planet.

Lunar regolith is an interesting material for space exploration. The BIG and ICON projects within the Olympus program propose innovative uses of lunar dust and crushed rock. These components can be used for 3D printing structures on the Moon. The spherical shape created from regolith is highly durable and can withstand significant pressure changes and low temperatures, making it ideal for construction on the lunar surface. Using lunar regolith in space architecture opens new horizons for creating sustainable and durable structures on other planets.

Autonomy

Human work in space is associated with high costs and significant risks. Efficient construction in space requires maximizing process autonomy. One solution is 3D printing. Remotely controlled robots mix local soil with polymers, after which the material is laser-baked. This approach significantly reduces costs and improves the safety of space missions, as well as optimizes resource use on other planets.

AI SpaceFactory has created a unique cone-shaped, multi-level structure called Marsha. This innovative structure can be erected in just 2-3 weeks using 3D printing technology and Martian rock. The material is highly durable, resistant to pressure changes, and recyclable, making it an environmentally friendly choice for construction on other planets. Marsha is a major step toward creating living and working spaces on Mars, opening up new prospects for future colonies.

The Zopherus Habitat project was designed specifically to support astronauts during a year-long mission to Mars. This six-armed robot, with a unique hexagonal design, is capable of sealing the surrounding space and printing similar hexagonal modules. However, the windows and airlocks for these modules will have to be delivered from Earth, requiring careful logistics and planning. The Zopherus Habitat represents a significant step toward creating sustainable living conditions on other planets.

Modularity and Flexibility of Space

On the Moon and Mars, it is impossible to predict all operating scenarios, so buildings must be compact, mobile, and as efficient as possible. Designing such structures requires taking into account unique conditions, including low gravity and high radiation levels. Efficient use of space and resources is becoming a key factor in creating sustainable and functional structures on other planets.

Prototype structures often implement the "matryoshka" concept, in which the outer layer serves as a protective layer, shielding the interior from meteorites, radiation exposure, and sudden temperature changes. The air gap between the layers effectively retains heat, providing comfortable conditions inside. In the event of damage to the outer layer, the habitation module remains hermetically sealed, allowing for changes to the layout without risking the safety of the inhabitants. This approach ensures the durability and functionality of the structures in extreme environments.

The vertical Marsha structure contains four-level habitation modules. The lower level houses a workspace, above which is a laboratory and kitchen, followed by a bedroom with a bathroom, and at the very top is a recreation room. This arrangement allows for efficient use of space and creates comfortable living and working conditions.

Laura Olivet's Lunar Testlab project is a lunar station protected by a special membrane. This membrane effectively reflects cosmic radiation and protects against cosmic dust. It also has the ability to regenerate damage thanks to the use of thermoactive polymers. Furthermore, the membrane can be 3D printed from carbon fiber, making its production process more accessible and efficient. The Lunar Testlab is designed to provide a safe environment for lunar research and to further advance space exploration.

The settlement is located under a frame shelter that can be quickly folded and transported if necessary.

Biophilic interior design

Plants and dynamic lighting are used in space modules to maintain physical and mental health. This lighting mimics the natural cycle of day and night, creating a comfortable atmosphere. Simulating a familiar environment helps astronauts adapt more easily to new conditions and landscapes, which, in turn, improves their performance and reduces stress. The use of such technologies is an important step in ensuring the well-being of crews on long-duration space missions.

The Lunar Lantern project is developing innovative structures capable of capturing the near-constant light at the lunar south pole. These modules convert solar radiation into interior lighting, providing adjustable brightness and color temperature. Thus, they are capable of replicating the circadian rhythms and seasonal cycles characteristic of Earth. Such technologies could significantly improve living conditions on the Moon and support long-term missions in space.

In the Voyager Station hotel project by Orbital Assembly Corporation, designers use innovative materials that imitate the textures of wood, stone, and fabric. This solution creates an atmosphere of luxury typical of high-class hotels, even within a standard hotel. The use of such materials helps achieve harmony between comfort and aesthetics, which makes Voyager Station a unique offer in the hotel service market.

In the near future, bars, restaurants, gyms, and other public spaces will likely combine elements of space fiction with familiar materials. This will create a unique atmosphere reminiscent of the interior of spaceships, as in Episode 7 of the series "Love, Death & Robots." This approach to interior design will attract attention and provide an unforgettable experience for visitors, emphasizing modernity and innovation in the service and leisure sector.

Space design reflects the future of earthly architecture. Designers are not limited to futuristic forms, but strive for revolutionary approaches in design. This style of architecture combines innovative technologies and creative ideas, which allows for the creation of unique spaces. Space design not only inspires but also highlights the need to adapt to new living conditions on Earth and beyond.

By 2028, NASA's Artemis program plans to deliver the first 3D printer to the Moon, and by 2050, to Mars. We find ourselves in a unique era when colonizing neighboring planets is becoming an integral part of our future. Technologies like 3D printing will open new horizons for space exploration and the creation of sustainable settlements on other planets. These innovations will aid not only in construction but also in the local production of necessary resources. Colonizing the Moon and Mars is not just a dream, but a real prospect that will change our understanding of life beyond Earth.