What is psychosomatics? Explained in simple terms

During intense stress, unpleasant and seemingly unexplained bodily sensations, such as abdominal pain or dizziness, may occur. A medical examination often reveals that the person's physical condition is normal, and there are no underlying conditions requiring treatment. However, discomfort may persist. In such cases, it is important to consider the possibility of psychosomatics. Psychosomatics studies the connection between psychological factors and physical health and can explain why stress and emotional experiences manifest as physical symptoms. Understanding this connection can help you cope more effectively with unpleasant sensations and improve your overall health.

In this material, you will become familiar with the key aspects of this topic. We will cover in detail the main points that will help you better understand the subject and its significance. You will receive useful information that can be applied in practice, as well as recommendations for further study.

What is psychosomatics;
Is it possible to cure psychosomatic symptoms;
And how to cope with stress, which causes unpleasant sensations in the body.

What is psychosomatics - in simple terms

Psychosomatics, or psychosomatic disorders, are a group of diseases that manifest themselves through physical symptoms, while their cause lies in disorders of the nervous system. The main factors contributing to the development of such disorders are chronic stress and anxiety disorders. Psychosomatic diseases can manifest themselves in various forms, including pain, discomfort, and other physical ailments, despite the absence of obvious organic causes. Understanding psychosomatic disorders and their relationship to a person's psychological state plays a key role in their diagnosis and treatment.

Examples of psychosomatics

Anxiety disorder is a mental illness in which a person experiences a persistent feeling of worry and danger, even in the absence of a real threat. This condition can significantly impact quality of life, causing stress, tension, and anxiety in everyday activities. People with anxiety disorder often experience difficulty communicating and performing daily tasks, which can lead to social isolation and a deterioration in overall well-being. It is important to understand that anxiety disorder requires attention and treatment, as it can significantly impact mental and physical health. Psychotherapy and medication are effective methods for managing the symptoms of this disorder and improving quality of life.

Increased anxiety can lead to various heart problems, including tachycardia, which manifests as a rapid heartbeat. In such situations, cardiologists consider this condition a symptom of an anxiety disorder. Therefore, it is important for patients with such symptoms to receive comprehensive treatment, including consultation with a psychotherapist to address the underlying causes of anxiety. Mental health care is an integral part of overall well-being, especially for those experiencing physical symptoms associated with anxiety.

Gastrointestinal disorders are a common example of psychosomatic symptoms. Stress can cause a decrease in appetite or, conversely, lead to overeating. It can also contribute to constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. Understanding the connection between mental states and the gastrointestinal tract can help develop effective methods of treatment and prevention of these diseases.

Stress and anxiety lead to increased production of adrenaline and cortisol. In critical situations, these hormones play an important role, helping us adapt and cope with threats. However, a constant increase in the levels of these substances can negatively affect health. For example, cortisol contributes to excess weight accumulation. Furthermore, chronic stress can weaken the nervous system, leading to frequent headaches, insomnia, and decreased concentration and memory. Anxiety can also worsen existing lung conditions, confirming the importance of stress management for maintaining overall health.

Viktor Nurdayev is a psychiatrist and psychotherapist with extensive experience. He is an expert at the SberHealth service and speaks on the "How to Manage Your Health" course. His knowledge and skills help people approach mental health issues consciously and effectively manage their well-being.

Psychosomatic Symptoms

Symptoms may vary depending on a person's gender and age. Men and women, as well as children and the elderly, may experience different manifestations of various diseases. It is important to consider these differences for proper diagnosis and selection of effective treatment. Correct recognition of symptoms depending on gender and age contributes to a more accurate understanding of the health condition and increases the effectiveness of medical interventions.

Women are more likely to report symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, bloating, and changes in the menstrual cycle.
Men usually experience chest pain, increased blood pressure, and changes in libido.
A child facing stress, for example, at school, will more often experience abdominal pain and headaches.
Stress in the elderly often leads to an exacerbation of heart disease.

Psychosomatic symptoms can occur in anyone, but some people are more predisposed to them. The likelihood of developing psychosomatic symptoms increases in the presence of certain factors. It is important to understand that these symptoms can be associated with emotional experiences, stress, and psychological state. For example, chronic stress, anxiety disorders, and depression can significantly increase the risk of developing such symptoms. Individuals experiencing high levels of stress or who are under constant psychological strain may experience more physical manifestations of their emotions. Understanding and working with your emotions are key aspects in the prevention and treatment of psychosomatic disorders.

suffers from depression,
experienced traumatic events,
experienced psychological trauma in childhood,
has a genetic predisposition.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing a traumatic event. The main symptoms of PTSD include recurring memories of the trauma, avoidance of situations associated with the event, and increased arousal. People with PTSD may experience anxiety, depression, and sleep problems.

The causes of PTSD are varied. These include military conflicts, natural disasters, violence, accidents, and other traumatic events. Some people are at higher risk of developing PTSD due to previous trauma, genetic predisposition, or lack of social support.

Treatment for PTSD may include psychotherapy, medication, and support from loved ones. Effective treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and EMDR, help people cope with symptoms and restore quality of life. It is important to seek help at the first sign of a disorder to minimize its impact on daily activities and overall health.

Can a psychosomatic disorder be cured?

Treatment of psychosomatic symptoms should begin with a visit to a therapist. A specialist will conduct an examination and rule out the possibility of a serious illness. If necessary, the therapist will refer the patient to a psychotherapist who will help cope with psychosomatic disorders and improve overall health. The correct approach to treating psychosomatic disorders can significantly improve quality of life and prevent further complications.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective method for dealing with psychosomatic disorders. This approach helps a person understand the causes of their stress, which can lead to physical symptoms. Understanding these factors allows you to develop strategies for overcoming them and improving your psychoemotional state. Cognitive behavioral therapy teaches how to change negative thoughts and behaviors, which helps reduce stress levels and, as a result, decrease psychosomatic symptoms.

To relieve physical symptoms such as headaches and digestive problems, it is recommended to consult a physician. A specialist will conduct the necessary diagnostics and offer appropriate treatment, which will help improve overall health and improve quality of life.

How to cope with stress?

First of all, it is important to accept yourself and your current state. Support yourself and try to recognize the emotions you experience that may be causing stress. This can be difficult, especially if you're trying to ignore thoughts of being fired or painful memories. Acknowledging your feelings is the first step to overcoming them and improving your mental health.

Don't set excessive demands on yourself, let go of guilt and high expectations. Letting go of the pursuit of perfection can significantly reduce stress. As you identify the root source of your tension, you may discover that you're creating the most pressure yourself. This awareness gives you the opportunity to change the situation and cope with the difficulties that arise.

Working with a therapist or psychologist is an important step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. However, there are other simple changes in your daily life that can significantly reduce stress and alleviate physical ailments. The key is to recognize the early signs of stress and prevent its negative impact on your life. Incorporating practices such as regular exercise, meditation, proper nutrition, and adequate sleep can be an effective strategy for combating stress and its consequences.

There are several effective methods that can help you manage stress. Firstly, regular exercise promotes the production of endorphins, which improves overall well-being. Secondly, practicing meditation or deep breathing helps calm the mind and reduce anxiety. Maintaining a healthy sleep schedule is also important, as getting enough rest promotes recovery and improves your emotional well-being. Additionally, spending time with loved ones and enjoying the fresh air can significantly reduce stress. Don't forget about proper nutrition, which supports both physical and mental health. All of these activities will help you effectively manage stress and improve your quality of life. Exercise. Even a short walk can help manage stress. Taking a break also gives you time to reflect on your well-being. Keep a journal. This is a great way to explore your feelings and emotions and track their dynamics. Download the Daylio app—it's a convenient online diary where you can record your feelings and emotions every day. If you don't feel like writing, you can use emoji to capture your mood. The app also helps you monitor your sleep quality and develop healthy habits. Try meditation and breathing techniques. These tools can help you learn to calm your nervous system during stress. For more helpful practices, see the article on mindfulness. Get enough sleep. When you don't get enough sleep, you react more strongly to stress and cope less well with difficult situations. Sleep is vital for mental health. Take care of yourself. Make time for yourself. Even if it's just a few minutes a day, you can focus on your needs and pleasures. You can spend time doing your favorite hobby, taking a bath, or watching your favorite TV series.